For many years, the study of apical bases has been important to orthodontics; lateral cephalograms and jaw models were used in the research. Without three-dimensional studies, dentistry would not be conceivable today. These studies enable one to examine an object from any perspective and show even the smallest alterations to the anatomical features of the studied region. The apical bases of the jaws can be studied using cone beam computed tomography, which allows for an examination of the structure that forms the bases as well as their size, shape, and location. We are able to examine the apical base's breadth, length, and angle of inclination on individual CBCT sections thanks to the characteristics we suggested. The suggested analysis's clinical application will help with more thorough and precise orthodontic treatment planning.

Using the finite element approach, the study presents a quantitative analysis of the stress distribution in bone tissue and orthodontic microimplants that can serve as a temporary support system for provisional orthopedic constructs.

One rather common orthodontic treatment-related consequence is white spot lesion (WSL). They typically arise after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances when individuals have a significant buildup of tooth plaque and poor cleanliness. The depth, color, and extent of damage determine the classification of white spots.

Quantitative light-induced fluorescence is the most objective technique for diagnosing these lesions, accounting for the depth of the lesions (QLF). Treatment options include remineralizing therapy, resin infiltration, a combination of resin infiltration and enamel microabrasion, and direct/indirect restorations, depending on the extent of tissue damage. We also discussed our author's approach to selecting strategies for treating these lesions. Orthodontic treatment with aligners reduces the likelihood of WSL formation by reducing plaque accumulation and making dental care easier for the patient.

Narrowing of the upper jaw is among the most prevalent abnormalities of the dental system in children. This is an important issue that can have a big impact on a child's growth and well-being. Numerous external and endogenous factors may be the reason. The implementation of efficacious treatments and comprehension of this issue are fundamental components of pediatric health. The goal of treating upper jaw narrowing during the occlusion of the changing teeth is to minimize the amount of orthodontic treatment required or, in certain situations, possibly even to prevent the development of noticeable abnormalities during the occlusion of permanent teeth.

The aim of this research is to assess the morphometric and functional characteristics of the maxillofacial region in individuals who have upper jaw constriction.

The corticotomy approach addresses various issues in individuals with crowded teeth, including increasing tooth movement speed and simplifying difficult orthodontic movements.

Eighty patients with crowded anterior mandibular teeth were separated into four groups based on the corticotomy method: laser, micro-osteoperforative, piezosurgical, and bone grafting. This study included an anthropometric analysis of plaster jaw models. The Little index and the width around the canines of the lower jaw were calculated. The findings revealed that only individuals who underwent piezosurgical corticotomy experienced an increase in bone tissue. Except for laser corticotomy, all groups experienced accelerated orthodontic therapy. The research that was done has proved the usefulness of this procedure and secured a number of benefits.

Temporomandibular joint disorders are distinguished by a diverse set of clinical symptoms that have a significant influence on a patient's quality of life. The consistency of a patient's subjective appraisal of his condition with objective clinical manifestations is critical to the therapy outcome. We previously devised an algorithm for predicting patient satisfaction with the outcomes of interdisciplinary rehabilitation. As part of this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of employing this method in clinical practice in patients with temporomandibular joint disease using two clinical instances.

To distalize the lateral group of teeth in order to create more room in the upper jaw for dystopic canines. By using the Distal Jet, masticatory function can be quickly restored and stable occlusal connections can be made. With this treatment approach, the cortical plate of the upper jaw's alveolar process can be both preserved and restored.

Dr. Lawrence Andrews discovered the properties of natural optimum occlusion in the 1960s and included these values into the design of the edgewise bracket, resulting in the development of the straight-wire system, which is a completely programmed bracket system. Dr. Andrews is currently releasing a new generation of straight-wire appliances: the Andrews SL self-ligating bracket system, the third generation of the straight-wire procedure. The study's purpose. To examine the new fully programmed Andrews SL bracket system. Conclusion. With the help of the world's first fully programmable brakets, Lawrence Andrews, the developer of the Andrews SL bracket system, a new generation of straight-wire systems, it is now possible to achieve the best possible outcome during orthodontic treatment, either alone or in conjunction with orthognathic surgery.

The article provides a historical outline of how orthodontic departments were established. Based on the experience of countries such as the United States and Russia, two orthodontic departments were established in Azerbaijan. The Institute for Advanced Medical Studies established its first department, named after A. Aliev. On June 30, 2022, Gasimova Z.V., a Doctor of Medical Sciences, was appointed Chief of the Orthodontic Department. Azerbaijan Medical University's Stomotology Faculty established its second Orthodontics department on February 16, 2023. Shadlinskaya R.V, a doctor of medical sciences and associate professor, has been named chief of department.

The study aims to support the establishment of distinct orthodontic departments at the Azerbaijan Medical University (AMU) and the Azerbaijan State Institute for Advanced Medical Studies (AzSIAMS, named after A. Aliev) in order to train orthodontists and advance their field of expertise.

Material and methods: 20 modular two-week courses with lectures and practical classes are offered by the Department of Orthodontics at AzSIAMS during the academic year. These courses are based on the "Ortho1" and "Dental Center" clinics. Fourth and fifth grade dental students at AMU learn
the fundamentals of a college education in the Department of Orthodontics. A three-year orthodontic postgraduate program is necessary for advanced orthodontic education.

Conclusion. The establishment of Orthodontic Departments at AZSIAMS and AMU is timely and will allow Azerbaijani orthodontic science to reach a new and higher level.