Kinesiographic registration was performed in patients with dental crowding combined with distal occlusion before the start of orthodontic treatment. Linear, temporal, and velocity parameters of mandibular movement were evaluated during the recording of functional chewing tests. The obtained results were compared with data from individuals with physiological occlusion, as described in the first part of the article "Kinesiographic registration and analysis of mandibular movements during a functional chewing test" (Journal "Orthodontics", No. 4 (112), 2025). The objective of this study is to investigate the kinesiographic parameters of mandibular movements during mastication in patients with dental crowding and distal occlusion before orthodontic treatment. The data obtained were compared with normative indicators.

Introduction. Transverse occlusal anomalies, particularly maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD), are prevalent pathologies requiring precise diagnostic protocols. While Pont’s Index is widely utilized in clinical practice, its diagnostic reliability compared to modern imaging modalities remains insufficiently explored. Aim.This study aims to compare the diagnostic significance of Pont’s analysis, performed on dental arch scans, with Penn analysis derived from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data.

Materials and Methods. A retrospective study involved 32 patients (26 females, 6 males; mean age 28.4 ± 7.5 years) with clinically confirmed posterior crossbite. Maxillary constriction was diagnosed using Pont’s Index (discrepancy > 2 mm) and Penn analysis (required expansion > 0 mm). Statistical evaluation included diagnostic accuracy parameters and McNemar’s test.

Results: The prevalence of MTD according to Penn analysis was 87,5 % (28 out of 32). Pont’s Index demonstrated sensitivity of 64,3 % (95 % CI: 44,1 – 81,4 %), specificity of 50,0 % (95 % CI: 6,8 – 93,2 %), and overall accuracy of 62,5 % (95 % CI: 43,7 – 78,9 %). McNemar’s test revealed no statistically significant differences between the methods (χ ² = 3,57; p = 0,0588).

Conclusion: Pont’s Index possesses acceptable diagnostic sensitivity and serves as an effective screening tool. The lack of significant divergence from Penn analysis supports its clinical utility.

This article describes and analyzes the results of a comparative study of anatomical and geometric sphenoid diagnostic triangles using lateral cephalometric radiographs of 71 patients with orthognathic occlusion. Linear dimensions and their proportional ratios were compared with each other and with existing scientific literature to enhance orthodontic diagnostic protocols. The practical identity of proportional dimensions, expressed in fractions and percentages, indicates that this methodological approach can serve as a reliable tool for scientific research. Furthermore, the findings confirm the importance of utilizing the sphenoid bone as a stable reference landmark for diagnostic orthodontic analysis.

The alignment of facial and maxillary dental midlines is a significant factor in smile aesthetics. The lack of consensus regarding aesthetic perception thresholds for this parameter in the Russian population limits the development of justified clinical recommendations. This study aims to determine the influence of bodily displacement and tilt of the maxillary dental midline on smile perception and the likelihood of correction recommendations among orthodontists, dentists of other specialties, and non-dental respondents. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional online survey with repeated measurements was conducted (N = 266). Modified images modeled bodily displacement (1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm) and tilt (0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm). Assessment used a 5-point Likert scale with an additional question on treatment necessity. Results: The threshold for reduced aesthetic perception of bodily displacement was 1 mm for orthodontists and 2 mm for other dentists and laypersons. In all groups, scores significantly decreased at 0.5 mm of tilted displacement. Treatment recommendations for tilt increased significantly starting from 0.5 mm in all groups, whereas for bodily displacement, they started from 2 mm for orthodontists and other dentists, and from 3 mm for laypersons. Conclusion: These results identify clinically significant thresholds for maxillary dental midline deviation. Correction of midline tilt is a higher priority than bodily displacement, as even minimal tilt is noticeable to all groups and influences treatment decisions.

The relationship between posture and mandibular position has been studied for a considerable time. Despite numerous publications, the hypothesis regarding a correlation between posture and occlusion continues to be questioned. This study aims to identify specific static and dynamic postural features in young, healthy adults depending on mandibular position. Postural analysis was conducted using the "Habilect" markerless biofeedback system; 50 volunteers (38 females, 12 males) aged 20–25 participated in the study. Specific numerical parameters for body segment positioning in a vertical stance were identified and analyzed.

Transverse maxillary constriction is considered a significant factor affecting the formation and functional status of the upper respiratory tract. In recent years, maxillary distraction has been increasingly utilized in maxillofacial surgery not only to correct skeletal anomalies but also to potentially improve respiratory parameters. However, literature data regarding upper airway changes following this method remain ambiguous. This review analyzes contemporary studies evaluating the impact of maxillary distraction on volumetric and functional airway parameters. It considers the anatomical and functional foundations of airway formation, three-dimensional assessment methods, and the role of minimum cross-sectional area as a key indicator of patency. Particular attention is paid to the influence of soft-tissue adaptation, postoperative edema, and individual anatomical features on result variability. The review also discusses the relationship between maxillary constriction, sleep-disordered breathing, and the risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. A specifi c section is dedicated to airway morphology in Far North residents and the potential infl uence of climato-geographical factors on their response to surgical expansion. Analysis indicates that while maxillary distraction typically increases nasal cavity volume, changes in total airway volume and minimum cross-sectional area are individual and do not always yield clinically signifi cant functional effects. These fi ndings underscore the necessity of a comprehensive, personalized approach to respiratory assessment when planning maxillary expansion.

This article provides an analysis of the current status and development prospects of diagnostic, treatment, and prevention methods for secondary dentofacial deformities in children and adolescents with congenital or acquired mandibular ramus hypoplasia. Specific tasks are identified to improve methods for the complex (orthodontic and surgical) rehabilitation of patients with this pathology. The objective of this study is to determine ways to enhance the quality of diagnosis, treatment, and multi-stage rehabilitation for children with hypoplasia and/or aplasia of the mandibular rami resulting from primary bone diseases of the temporomandibular joint through an integrated approach.

The objective of this study is to analyze cases of attachment debonding during treatment with 3D aligners in patients with reduced interalveolar height. It was established that one of the primary reasons is premature occlusal contact between attachments and antagonist teeth, particularly when they are positioned near the occlusal surface and the teeth are in an anomalous position. Virtual planning does not always accurately reflect real dental contacts without aligners. To address this issue, it is recommended to place attachments more gingivally, positioning them closer to the gingival zone (with a 1.5 mm offset from the gingival margin) to reduce the distance to the tooth’s center of resistance, and to improve both attachment design and aligner materials.

Currently, issues concerning various congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region in children are widely studied, but the problems of their treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation remain not fully resolved. Meanwhile, combinations of congenital dysgenesis with Pierre Robin syndrome are identified, requiring urgent orthodontic care in maternity hospitals immediately after birth, as acute respiratory failure is revealed due to pronounced glossoptosis and microretrogenia with congenital cleft palate. The objective is to increase the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment for newborns with Pierre Robin syndrome by developing a specific method of orthodontic management. In the course of the research, taking into account the obtained results, a method for the orthodontic treatment of newborns with Pierre Robin syndrome was developed using an anti-glossoptosis appliance with a relief pattern of the hard palate and a special protrusion into the cleft cavity (patent No. 2849243 dated 23.10.2025), which was used in five newborns immediately after birth as an emergency measure. The practical application of the developed method was conducted at the Department of Neonatal Pathology of the Perinatal Center and the Dental Department of the Consultative and Diagnostic Center of the GAU RS (Ya) "Republican Hospital No. 1 – National Medical Center named after M.E. Nikolaev" (Yakutsk). As a result of applying this method, the combination of key features ensures the elimination of respiratory insufficiency, as well as the normalization of sucking and swallowing functions immediately after the fixation of the anti-glossoptosis appliance, which features a relief pattern of the hard palate in the form of an imitation of the natural mucosal folds of the hard palate and a special protrusion into the cleft cavity for the orthodontic treatment of newborns with Pierre Robin syndrome. This restores breathing, which becomes free and silent, while the tongue takes its correct position in the oral cavity, resulting in an increase in blood oxygen levels. Under endoscopic control, the oropharynx and laryngopharynx become patent, and the glottis is clearly visualized.

One of the primary issues in aligner orthodontic treatment is the development of refinement plans. This extends treatment duration and may impact patient satisfaction with the final outcome. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the factors necessitating corrections to minimize their future occurrence. This study aims to analyze the variables influencing refinement orders in patients treated with 3DSmile aligners.