Dentists have recently expressed an increased interest in studying the impact of risk factors during a child's prenatal development on the establishment of the dental system. The goal is to determine the aspects of the maxillofacial region's state based on the severity of perinatal dysontogenesis, using data from a study on the frequency of detection of dental and functional abnormalities in children with cerebral paralysis. Material and methods. TThe study comprised 45 children with disabilities, including spastic types of cerebral paralysis, dental deformities, and myofunctional problems in the craniofacial region. Their average age was 8.7 years ± 1.2 years. Hemiplegic paralysis patients were shown to have a higher percentage of children with orthognathic occlusion (50.0% of instances) and a less burdened perinatal period of development. This developmental stage is more taxing for patients with both double hemiplegia and spastic diplegia. Children with "Double hemiplegia" had the highest percentage of dental pathology, with a preponderance of combined dental malformations, in 50.0% of cases.Children with speech disorders were found to have the most severe dental pathology, specifically combined dental anomalies, which were diagnosed in 75.0% of children with anarthria (r = 0,85; p < 0,05) and occlusion anomalies in 31.3% of cases with a spastic-paretic form of pseudobulbar dysarthria (r = 0,4; p < 0,05). Additionally, 23.5% of children whose speech development matched their age had neutral occlusion (r = 0,4; p < 0,006). A qualitatively novel method of organizing dental treatment within the system of comprehensive rehabilitation for children with a burdened prenatal history is therefore necessary in light of everything mentioned above.

The findings of electromyographic examinations of patients with neutral and vertical facial growth types and a distal ratio of dentition are presented in the paper. It was shown that the resting temporal muscles were more active in both groups. Generally speaking, patients with a neutral kind of facial growth exhibit more noticeable departures from normal values.

The purpose of this study is to create and evaluate a unique diagnostic method for evaluating the position of teeth and dental arches, as well as their departures from normal values in cases of mesial occlusion, using the P coordinate parameter. The study comprised 25 individuals with mesial blockage, aged 12 to 40. The evaluation method included clinical photography, the generation of ST files for the upper and lower dental arches, and lateral cephalometric radiography. The study aimed to create a precise method for calculating the P coordinate parameter and its relationship with the occlusal plane in order to examine tooth and dental arch location. Furthermore, the study investigated the correlations between the P point and the distances to the molars, canines, and incisors in patients with mesial occlusion. The results can be used in orthodontics to improve the precision of mesial occlusion and other dental abnormality diagnosis.

The literature indicates that between 27.5 and 84.8% of people suffer from temporomandibular joint disorders. The "gold standard" of radiation diagnostics for the temporomandibular joint is computer and magnetic resonance imaging. However, because skeletal parameters, tooth tilt, and position can all be risk factors, cephalometric analysis may be a means of predicting the onset of TMJ diseases. One of the key diagnostic tools that will help with the early detection and avoidance of changes in this joint is the use of cephalometric analysis to identify predictors of TMJ illnesses in patients. The study demonstrates the correlation between cephalometric markers and the onset of temporomandibular joint dysfunction, potentially enabling physicians to anticipate the onset of certain functional alterations in patients' TMJs. We believe that there is merit and scientific interest in this area nowadays.

A different orthodontic treatment for a patient with mesial occlusion in a detachable bite is discussed. The proposed method may be a viable option for treating patients with these types of dental abnormalities.

The goal of this study is to improve the effectiveness of treating patients with mesial occlusion in a detachable bite during an orthodontic session by proposing a viable therapeutic and diagnostic strategy.

I n contemporary dentistry, the issue of muscle-joint dysfunction remains pertinent. Occlusal factors are one of the causes. According to numerous publications, treating patients with dentofacial abnormalities in addition to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) functioning problems is extremely challenging. The orthodontist's understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the masticatory muscles and TMJ, as well as accurate and dependable orthodontic equipment for straightening teeth and restoring occlusion, are crucial elements of this type of treatment.

In order to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with a dentofacial abnormality and functional abnormalities of the TMJ, the study aims to illustrate the application of functional research methodologies, a self-ligating bracket system, and an optimal protocol for altering arches.

Analyzing a clinical case of a patient with a class II dentofacial abnormality and TMJ functional problems served as the foundation for the study. At the age of 15, patient A. underwent orthodontic therapy in addition to a clinical and functional examination. Kinesiographic testing, transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation procedures, and computer analysis of the lower jaw's therapeutic posture were all used as functional study approaches.

According to our own findings, the suggested functional examination algorithm enables us to treat a patient with functional abnormalities of the TMJ in an efficient manner and minimize the number of visits to the orthodontist by implementing an arch modification regimen.

Reducing the number of visits while maintaining high forms and aesthetic results is made possible by the suggested method of functional observation of a patient with a dentofacial anomaly, the H4 selfligating braces system, and a sequential protocol for changing orthodontic arches.

This paper focuses on the act of swallowing and how it affects the morphology of the human skull. The articulation of the tongue is one of the causes of dentofacial abnormalities. When functioning, the tongue has a major impact on the entire cranium. The balus moves in a rarefied space. Swallowing is a mechanical action that moves the contents of the mouth cavity into the caudal portions of the digestive system. A clinical case of treatment of a patient with a distal bite using a device built according to the formula of utility model No. 13016 (BY) is described.

Restoration of the anatomical shape and correct spatial position of the mandible, normalization of its functions, harmonious development of all parts of the facial skull, prosthetics as a result of combined treatment of jaw anomalies provide conditions for normalization of mastication, speech, and improve facial aesthetics. The study analyzed the kinesiography data of orthodontic patients in the process of rehabilitation after orthognathic surgeries with and without the use of kinesiotapes before surgery and 21 days after it. The comparative characteristics showed the acceleration of recovery time.

The location of the retained canines in the upper jaw's alveolar process is an important consideration when designing and conducting a specific biomechanical technique - active extrusion of canines followed by implantation in the dental arch. It is critical to consider the inclination of the retained tooth's lobar axis as well as the expected trajectory of its emergence. Active mechanotherapy involves stretching and moving the canines into their native position in the dental arch using angulation and torque, with the goal of creating the right shape of the dental arches and normalizing occlusion.

The study's goal is to improve orthodontic treatment approaches for patients with bilateral canine retention on the upper jaw and associated occlusion anomalies.

Individual orthodontic treatment plans and methods are designed based on the topography and localization of the retained teeth in the upper jaw's alveolar process, as well as the occurrence of an occlusion abnormality in patients. The article's two clinical cases allow us to examine an individual strategy to planning orthodontic therapy in patients with retained canines in the upper jaw and a concomitant occlusion anomaly.