The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical and diagnostic manifestations of craniomandibular dysfunction in sagittal anomalies of the maxillary system at an orthodontic appointment.

Distal occlusion is one of the most common forms of dento-maxillofacial abnormalities and is often accompanied by the development of pathology of the temporomandibular joint. However, there are no supporting statistics on the prevalence of malocclusion among the adult population. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of various malocclusion abnormalities among the adult population in order to identify possible concomitant pathologies of the TMJ.
Methods. Cephalometric analysis by Bojrk was performed for 147 images of lateral TRG in patients aged 18 to 45 years. The position of the upper and lower jaws in the sagittal plane was estimated by the parameters of the angles SNA and SNB, in the vertical plane the rotation of the upper jaw relative to the skull base PP/SN was estimated. The basic parameters for determining the type of malocclusion were the ANB angle value and the Wits. The vertical component in patients with detected distal occlusion was evaluated based on the definition of MP/SN.
Results. According to the study, the prevalence of distal occlusion based on the ANB and Wits parameters is 59,1% and 69,4%, the frequency of mesial occlusion is 12,2% and 22,5%, whereas the norm of the interbasic ratio varies between the ANB/Wits parameters – 28,6/8,2%, which is associated with rotations of the jaws to the skull base and rotations of the occlusal plane. Based on the vertical component of the distal occlusion, 25,5% of patients have a horizontal vector, 34,3% have a vertical vector, and 40,2% have a neutral vector. Of the entire examined group, distal occlusion with vertical growth type was observed in 23,8% of patients, which indicates possible TMJ disorders.

To develop a new method for assessing facial aesthetics by determining the aesthetic index in individuals with normal occlusion. The study involved 50 volunteers aged 12 to 40 years. The evaluation included photographing the face in frontal and profile views for an objective analysis of aesthetic characteristics, as well as a comparative analysis of 50 lateral cephalometric radiographs of the head. The objectives of the study were to develop a measurement methodology and validate the index. The practical application of the index lies in its use for evaluating facial aesthetics.

In order to identify all the etiological factors involved in the formation of occlusion anomalies in children, we have developed a questionnaire that allows us to identify all functional and morphological disorders in the dentofacial complex, and to establish certain stereotypes in the conduct of all treatment measures in the future. By analyzing the entire complex of etiological disorders in a particular patient, the format of necessary measures for the correction of myofunctional disorders and occlusion anomalies is objectively created. This complex-oriented approach makes it possible to obtain a highly effective, stable result without subsequently using retention devices of a removable or non-removable design.

In the treatment of malocclusions, orthodontists seek to obtain extraordinary interdigitation, which is of great importance for the function of chewing. In recent years, great importance has been attached to the factors of smile aesthetics, which, accordingly, is reflected in the level of quality of life of patients. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the choice of a treatment method for the retention of the upper central incisors, which contributes to the achievement of a morphofunctional and aesthetic result.
Material and methods - The results of treatment of more than 60 patients with the upper central incisors impaction were analyzed and the results obtained were compared taking into account the factors of macroesthetics (face symmetry in the face and profile), microesthetics (smile aesthetics) and mini-esthetics (tooth size and shape, gingival margin level, etc.).
Results and discussion. The most optimal results of treatment of upper central incisors impaction were obtained in the treatment of patients according to the Thom Pitts philosophy.

For the treatment of adult patients with constriction of the upper jaw, which is one of the most common anomalies of the maxillofacial region, removable and fixed support devices were previously used, the use of which could lead to negative consequences. In the first half of the last century, a surgical method for expanding the upper jaw was developed, with which positive results were obtained, but not all patients were ready for surgery. Therefore, this issue has been studied by many researchers and scientific proposals have been developed for the treatment of patients with constriction of the upper jaw. The purpose of the study: to conduct a comparative analysis of the methods of maxillary expansion in adult patients. Materials and methods: 80 patients with constriction of the upper jaw were divided into 4 groups: in group I, the upper jaw was expanded using an appliance, in group II – using a device placed on two palatal orthodontic implants and the first molars, in group III – using a device placed only on palatal orthodontic implants, in group IV – with the help of surgical expansion with the placement of a palatalexpander. Conclusion: in adult patients, depending on the stage of maturity of the palatal suture, it is recommended to use expansion methods using devices placed on palatal orthodontic implants and expansion with surgical help.

The article presents the main scientific and professional achievements of a well-known scientist, clinician, teacher, Honored Doctor of Russian Federation, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Olga Ivanovna Arsenina. Her contribution to the development of the national scientific school and world orthodontics was noted.